Volvo has upgraded the five-cylinder D5 and D3 turbodiesels for application in the upgraded versions of the Volvo V70, XC70 and S80. Performance and torque of the D5 increase from 205 hp/420 N&iddot;m to 215 hp (160 kW) and 440 N&iddot;m (35 lb-ft) while at the same time reducing fuel consumption by 8%.
Fuel consumption of the Volvo S80 D5 with manual gearbox and start/stop is now 4.9 L/100 km EU Combined (48 mpg US), corresponding to 129 g CO2 per kilometer. The corresponding figures for the automatic version are 6.0 L/100 km (39 mpg US) and 158 g/km.
The quest for better driveability combined with lower fuel consumption and less environmental impact has led to increased focus on internal friction inside the engine.
This is the science of the small incremental steps. The engines are already so optimized that it takes many man-hours to identify and refine the tiny details that can make them even more efficient.
—Derek Crabb, Vice President, Powertrain Engineering at Volvo Cars
The five-cylinder 2.4-liter D5 turbodiesel featured a number of advanced solutions such as sequential twin-turbo technology, ceramic glowplugs and piezo-electric fuel injectors at its debut in the Volvo S80 at the end of 2008; it also was the first Euro 5 engine in its class. The twin-turbo setup with two different-sized turbochargers operating in tandem added power across a wider rev band.
The medium-performance D3 with 163 hp (122 kW) and 400 N&iddot;m (295 lb-ft) of torque was introduced in the Volvo S60 and V60 in 2010. It is in principle the same engine as the 2.4-liter version, but with a shorter stroke that reduces displacement to 2.0 liters.
Its injection system has the same type of piezo-electric fuel injectors as the D5, but tailored for the smaller engine. In order to give the car better driving properties, it is fitted with a variable-geometry turbocharger.
Upgraded versions of both engines are being launched to coincide with the latest enhancements to the Volvo V70, XC70 and S80.
The refined D5 engine now offers 215 hp and maximum torque is no less than 440 Nm, while the D3 remains at 163 hp and 400 Nm. However, the two-liter diesel engine’s driveability is now improved due to the fine-tuning of the turbocharger.
Most of the latest engine-related improvements apply to both the D5 and D3 engines:
- Both the camshafts and connecting rods have been weight-optimized.
- The new piston rings are of low-friction type.
- The oil pump is chain-driven.
- With the piston cooling valves controlled solely by demand instead of opening regularly, consumption can be reduced.
- The new vacuum pump has been optimized to affect the engine as little as possible.
- The D5 engine now gets the same lighter type of connecting rod that the 2-liter D3 had when it was introduced in 2010.
All six-speed manual versions also get start/stop. All variants are also available with a six-speed automatic transmission. In autumn 2011 the Volvo S80 and V70 with D3 engine and automatic transmission will become available with the start/stop function.
DRIVe engine with increased performance. The four-cylinder 1.6-liter diesel is now available in a Euro 5 variant with horsepower increased from 109 to 115 (86 kW). Maximum torque remains at 270 N&iddot;m (199 lb-ft). This engine is fitted to the DRIVe variants of the Volvo S80 and V70, both with manual gearbox, start/stop and CO2 emissions of 119 g/km.
In certain markets, both the S80 and the V70 can also be specified with a 1.6-liter engine in an ethanol-powered FlexiFuel version. The customer can choose between Powershift and a manual gearbox.